Custom Practice Test - 10-NovContact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718
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Biology-II-Section-A
1.
What is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively in the venous blood leaving the tissues [in mm of Hg]?
| 1. 104, 40 | 2. 95, 40 |
| 3. 40, 45 | 4. 20, 46 |
2. Consider the two statements:
| Statement I: | A muscular wall called a septum prevents the mixture of blood between the left and right sides of the heart. |
| Statement II: | The left ventricle has a thicker musculature when compared to the musculature of the right ventricle. |
1. Statement I is correct: Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct: Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is incorrect
3.
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of inactive fibrinogens to fibrins?
1. Epinephrine
2. Thrombokinase
3. Thrombin
4. Renin
4.
Which of the following will not be equal in normal physiological conditions?
| 1. | Partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated blood and partial pressure of oxygen in tissues |
| 2. | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in oxygenated blood |
| 3. | Partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood and partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli |
| 4. | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in tissues and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in deoxygenated blood |
5. What will be\(pCO_2\)and\(pO_2\)in atmospheric air as compared to alveoli, respectively?
1. Low and high
2. High and low
3. High and high
4. Low and low
6.
Which one of the following hormones reduces blood pressure?
1. Antidiuretic hormone
2. Atrial Natriuretic factor
3. Aldosterone
4. Angiotensin-II
7. A combination of flame cell and a tube cell, a protonephridium, is the osmoregulatory and excretory structure in:
| 1. | Platyhelminthes | 2. | Annelids |
| 3. | Aschelminthes | 4. | Echinoderms |
8. Consider the two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Adrenal medullary hormones can increase the cardiac output. |
| Reason (R): | Adrenal medullary hormones are steroids with prominent effects on osmoregulation and glucose homeostasis in human body. |
| 1. | Both (A)and (R)are True and (R)correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | (A)is True but (R)is False. |
| 3. | Both (A)and (R)are True but (R)does not correctly explain (A). |
| 4. | (A)is False but (R)is True. |
9.
Consider the following two statements:
| I: | The lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is anatomically an air-tight chamber. |
| II: | This arrangement is essential as we cannot directly alter the thoracic volume. |
| 1. | Both I and II are correct and II correctly explains I |
| 2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I |
| 3. | I is correct and II is incorrect |
| 4. | Both I and II are incorrect |
10. Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | SA node is called the pacemaker of the human heart. |
| Reason (R): | SA node is auto-excitable. |
| 1. | Both (A)and (R)are True and (R)correctly explains the (A). |
| 2. | Both (A)and (R)are True but(R)does not correctly explain the (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True; (R)is False. |
| 4. | Both (A)and (R) are False. |
11. At sea level, which of the following values of the intraalveolar pressure is realistically expected to lead to inspiration?
1. 760 mmHg
2. 758 mmHg
3. 763 mmHg
4. 730 mmHg
12. Renin is secreted by:
1. the macula densa of the DCT
2. the JG cells of the afferent arteriole
3. podocytes of Bowman’s capsule
4. hepatocytes
13. Interstitial fluid:
| I: | has the same mineral distribution as that in plasma. |
| II: | has more protein than that in plasma. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
14. Identify the correct descending order [begin with maximum value] of the partial pressure of oxygen at different parts involved in diffusion in comparison to those in the atmosphere:
| 1. | Atmosphere – Alveoli – Oxygenated blood – Tissues |
| 2. | Alveoli - Atmosphere – Oxygenated blood – Tissues |
| 3. | Atmosphere – Oxygenated blood – Alveoli – Tissues |
| 4. | Tissues – Alveoli – Deoxygenated blood – Oxygenated blood |
15. The presence of which of the following on a routine urine analysis test will not be considered as normal?
1. sodium
2. glucose
3. urea
4. creatinine
16. Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Absence of intrinsic factor can lead to the development of pernicious anaemia. |
| Reason (R): | Pernicious anemia results in an abnormally low red blood cell count and is an autoimmune condition. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains the (A) |
| 3. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain the (A) |
17. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is lined by:
1. simple cuboidal brush border epithelium
2. simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium
3. simple columnar brush border epithelium
4. simple columnar ciliated epithelium
18. Identify the incorrect statement regarding micturition reflex?
| 1. | Signal for the reflex is initiated by the stretching of the urinary bladder as it gets filled with urine. |
| 2. | The stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS. |
| 3. | The CNS passes on motor messages leading to the relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder. |
| 4. | There is simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine. |
19. What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli of human lungs?
1. 40 mm Hg
2. 45 mm Hg
3. 95 mm Hg
4. 104 mm Hg
20. The sinoatrial node (SAN) in the human heart is present in:
1. the right upper corner of the right atrium.
2. the right atrium near the base of inter-atrial septum.
3. the left lower corner of the left atrium.
3. the left atrium near the base of inter-atrial septum.
21.
Identify the incorrect statement regarding antidiuretic hormone (ADH):
| 1. | It is synthesized by the neurons of the hypothalamus and stored and released from the neurohypophysis. |
| 2. | It binds to receptors on the collecting duct cells and activates a cAMP second messenger system. |
| 3. | It is released during body dehydration conditions and acts on the collecting duct. |
| 4. | ADH is released when osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense a decrease in the blood osmolality. |
22. Which of the following will give us the vital capacity of a human?
| 1. | Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume |
| 2. | Inspiratory Reserve Volume - Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual volume |
| 3. | Functional Residual Capacity + Tidal Volume |
| 4. | Total Lung Capacity – Residual volume |
23.
Which of the following is not a part of urine formation?
1.Glomerular Filtration
2.Reabsorption
3.Secretion
4.Counter current mechanism
24. Match the parts of nephron in Column I with their function given in Column II:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Loop of Henle | (i) | Ultrafiltration |
| (b) | Proximal convoluted tubule | (ii) | Secretion of hydrogen ions |
| (c) | Distal convoluted tubule | (iii) | Reabsorption of glucose |
| (d) | Bowman's capsule | (iv) | Concentration urine |
1. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
2.(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
3.(a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
4.(a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
25. Heparin:
| 1. | is an anti-coagulant secreted by the basophils in the blood |
| 2. | is an anti-coagulant secreted by the eosinophils in the blood |
| 3. | is a thrombolytic secreted by the basophils in the blood |
| 4. | is a thrombolytic secreted by the eosinophils in the blood |
26. An enzyme complex required to initiate the process of coagulation or clotting in response to an injury or trauma is:
1. Plasmin
2. Fibrinolysis
3. Thrombokinase
4. Streptokinase
27. Number of QRS complexes that occur in the ECG in a given time period determine
1. Cardiac output
2. Stroke volume
3. Heartbeat rate
4. Strength of heart
28.
When anti B antibodies are present in the plasma and A antigens on the surface of RBCs of a person, her blood group can be:
| 1. | A and AB | 2. | Only A |
| 3. | Only B | 4. | O |
29. Consider the two statements:
| Assertion (A): | An excess of aldosterone can cause a decrease in potassium ion concentration in body fluids. |
| Reason (R): | Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water. |
| 1. | Both (A)and (R)are True but(R)does not correctly explain (A). |
| 2. | (A)is True but (R)is False. |
| 3. | Both (A)and (R)are False. |
| 4. | Both (A)and (R)are True and (R)correctly explains (A). |
30. When percentage saturation of haemoglobin with\(O_2\)is plotted against the partial pressure of\(O_2\)on a graph, the curve obtained is described as
1. Parabola
2. Hyperbola
3. Sigmoid
4. Linear
31. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
| Assertion(A): | Juxtamedullary nephrons are key adaptation for water conservation in mammals. |
| Reason(R): | Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute about 85% of all nephrons in the mammalian kidney. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | Both(A)and(R)are True and(R)is the correct explanation of(A). |
| 2. | Both(A)and(R)are True but(R)is not the correct explanation of(A). |
| 3. | (A)is True but(R)is False. |
| 4. | Both(A)and(R)are False. |
32.
The amount of CO2 that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher as compared to that of O2. This is because:
| 1. | Solubility coefficient of CO2 is higher |
| 2. | Solubility coefficient of CO2 is lesser |
| 3. | Amount of gases in blood is independent of partial pressures of the gases in the atmosphere |
| 4. | Arterial blood contains more O2 than CO2 |
33. What is the type of antibody found in the plasma of a person whose RBCs have type B antigen on the surface?
1. anti-A
2. anti-B
3. both anti-A and anti-B
4. neither anti-A nor anti-B
34. The partial pressure of oxygen is expected to be least in:
1. Atmospheric air
2. Alveoli
3. Oxygenated blood
4. Tissues
35.
Our lungs remove large amounts of carbon dioxide [approximately 200 mL/minute]. This translates to about:
1. 156 L/day
2.288 L/day
3.412 L/day
4. 504 L/day
Biology-II-Section-B
36. Exhalation of air into the lungs can be brought about by:
I: Contraction of diaphragm
II: Contraction of internal intercostal muscles
III: Contraction of external intercostal muscles
1. Only I and II
2. Only II
3. Only I and III
4. Only III
37. Under normal physiological conditions, what percent of haemoglobin is saturated with oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is 40 mm Hg?
| 1. | 50 | 2. | 75 |
| 3. | 90 | 4. | 98 |
38. Regarding the human kidney:
| 1. | glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the efferent arteriole |
| 2. | vasa recta is highly reduced in juxtamedullary nephrons |
| 3. | DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct |
| 4. | columns of Bertini are extensions of medulla into the cortex |
39. The glomerular filtrate, under normal physiological conditions, should not contain any:
| 1. | Sodium | 2. | Urea |
| 3. | Proteins | 4. | Glucose |
40. Identify the correct statements:
| I: | The flow of filtrate in the two limbs of Henle’s loop is in opposite directions and thus forms a counter current. |
| II: | The flow of blood through the two limbs of vasa recta is also in a counter current pattern. |
| III: | Although there is proximity between the Henle’s loop and vasa recta, yet they do not form a counter current. |
1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III
41. Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A) | Neural signals through the sympathetic nerves (part of ANS) can increase the cardiac output. |
| Reason (R): | Neural signals through the sympathetic nerves can increase the rate of heart beat and the strength of ventricular contraction. |
| 1. | Both (A)and (R) are True and (R)correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A)and (R) are True but (R)does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but(R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A)and (R) are False. |
42. In a cardiac cycle, joint diastole state correctly means:
1. only the two atria are in a relaxed state
2. only the two ventricles are in a relaxed state
3. ventricles and atria are in a relaxed state
4. only the left atrium and the left ventricle are in a relaxed state
43. The shape of the oxygen dissociation curve is:
1. a rectangular hyperbola
2. sigmoid
3. ellipse
4. parabola
44. During cardiac cycle:
| 1. | all the four chambers of heart can never be in a relaxed state simultaneously. |
| 2. | as the tricuspid valve gets open, blood from the pulmonary artery flows into the right ventricle. |
| 3. | all the four chambers of heart can never be in a contracted state simultaneously. |
| 4. | as the bicuspid valve gets open, blood from the aorta flows into the left ventricle. |
45. Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins are the major proteins and their primary functions are:
| 1. | Fibrinogen – clotting of blood; Globulins – colloid osmotic pressure; Albumins – defence mechanisms |
| 2. | Fibrinogen – clotting of blood; Globulins – defence mechanisms; Albumins – colloid osmotic pressure |
| 3. | Fibrinogen – prevention of clotting of blood; Globulins – colloid osmotic pressure; Albumins – defence mechanisms |
| 4. | Fibrinogen – prevention of clotting of blood; Globulins – defence mechanisms; Albumins – colloid osmotic pressure |
46. Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Inspiration can occur if there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure. |
| Reason (R): | The thoracic chamber is an airtight chamber. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are Trueand (R) correctly explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are Truebut (R) does not correctly explain(A) |
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False, (R) is True |
47. Match blood cells given in Column I with their most important function in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Neutrophils | P. | Phagocytosis |
| B. | Basophils | Q. | Inflammatory reactions |
| C. | Lymphocytes | R. | Immune responses |
| D. | Thrombocytes | S. | Coagulation of blood |
Codes:
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | P | Q | R | S |
| 2. | Q | P | S | R |
| 3. | R | S | P | Q |
| 4. | S | R | Q | P |
48. The human kidneys can produce urine concentrated nearly:
1. two times than the initial filtrate formed.
2. four times than the initial filtrate formed.
3. six times than the initial filtrate formed.
4. eight times than the initial filtrate formed.
49. Occupational Respiratory Disorders:
| I: | are caused by long exposure to dust at work place. |
| II: | can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues) and thus causing serious lung damage. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
50. In a healthy adult human being, on an average:
| 1. | about 25 – 30 mg of urea is excreted out per day |
| 2. | 125 ml per minute urine is produced |
| 3. | about 200 L carbon dioxide is removed by the lungs per minute |
| 4. | 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute |
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